You are asking because someone told you to wait it out, and waiting is hard to plan around. The honest answer has two halves, and only one of them is about time.
The half that is the stage
Dogs respond less to the cues of the person who raised them around the onset of adolescence, and that responsiveness returns later in the stage. The selective hearing is developmental, and it is temporary.
The lost recall, the leash pulling that came back, and the dog who cannot hear you at the park are all in this half. They usually improve across the second year.
The half that is your dog
How much your dog needs to do in a day, and how quickly they wind up, are not a phase. Nor is how interested they are in movement and smells. Those settle into an adult version of themselves rather than disappearing.
A 14 month old retriever who needs 2 hours and a job will be an adult who needs less than 2 hours and a job. Quieter, yes. A different dog, no.
What actually gets better, and roughly when
No one can give you dates, and anyone offering a week is selling something. What follows is the ordinary shape of the stage rather than a schedule for your dog.
Between 6 and 12 months: the most visible loss of responsiveness, the most testing outdoors, and the biggest gap between home and the park.
Between 12 and 18 months: focus in easy places comes back first. Busy places stay hard, and progress looks uneven week to week.
Between 18 and 24 months: most dogs answer the first time in more places, and the evenings shorten. What is left at this point is usually your dog's energy level.
What waiting will not do
Time returns the ability to listen. It does not install a recall, a loose leash, a settle, or a greeting your guests enjoy. Those are practised, and the practice you do now is what the returning attention lands on.
Behaviour change is built from management plus reinforcement, and reward-based training has been associated with fewer reported problem behaviours. Neither of those happens by waiting.
One thing to do today
Pick the single problem that costs your household the most this week, and work only on that for 2 weeks. Four problems worked at once become four unfinished projects.
Safety note
Adolescence explains gradual change over weeks. It does not explain growling, snapping, biting, hiding, severe fear, or a dog who changed over days. Book a veterinary examination, because sudden behaviour change warrants one and pain often presents as a change in behaviour.
Today's version, in one line: name the one problem you are working on, and give it 8 minutes tonight.